Both identify the need to be pragmatic and serve intended users with the goal of determining the effectiveness of a program. Principles of Community Engagement - Second Edition. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Program Evaluation Minus Related Pages. Evaluation can be classified into five types by intended use: formative, process, summative, outcome, and impact. They include: Engage stakeholders to ensure that all partners invested in what will be learned from the evaluation become engaged early in the evaluation process.
Describe the program to clearly identify its goals and objectives. Design the evaluation design to be useful, feasible, ethical, and accurate. Gather credible evidence that strengthens the results of the evaluation and its recommendations.
Sources of evidence could include people, documents, and observations. Justify conclusions that are linked to the results and judged against standards or values of the stakeholders.
Deliberately ensure use of the evaluation and share lessons learned from it. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
External consultants can provide high levels of evaluation expertise from an objective point of view. Important factors to consider when selecting consultants are their level of professional training, experience, and ability to meet your needs. Be sure to check all references carefully before you enter into a contract with any consultant.
To generate discussion around evaluation planning and implementation, several states have formed evaluation advisory panels. Advisory panels typically generate input from local, regional, or national experts otherwise difficult to access. Such an advisory panel will lend credibility to your efforts and prove useful in cultivating widespread support for evaluation activities. Evaluation team members should clearly define their respective roles.
Informal consensus may be enough; others prefer a written agreement that describes who will conduct the evaluation and assigns specific roles and responsibilities to individual team members. Either way, the team must clarify and reach consensus on the:. This manual is organized by the six steps of the CDC Framework.
Each chapter will introduce the key questions to be answered in that step, approaches to answering those questions, and how the four evaluation standards might influence your approach. The main points are illustrated with one or more public health examples that are composites inspired by actual work being done by CDC and states and localities. Together, they build a house over a multi-week period.
At the end of the construction period, the home is sold to the family using a no-interest loan. Lead poisoning is the most widespread environmental hazard facing young children, especially in older inner-city areas. Even at low levels, elevated blood lead levels EBLL have been associated with reduced intelligence, medical problems, and developmental problems. The main sources of lead poisoning in children are paint and dust in older homes with lead-based paint.
Public health programs address the problem through a combination of primary and secondary prevention efforts. A typical secondary prevention program at the local level does outreach and screening of high-risk children, identifying those with EBLL, assessing their environments for sources of lead, and case managing both their medical treatment and environmental corrections.
However, these programs must rely on others to accomplish the actual medical treatment and the reduction of lead in the home environment. A common initiative of state immunization programs is comprehensive provider education programs to train and motivate private providers to provide more immunizations. A typical program includes a newsletter distributed three times per year to update private providers on new developments and changes in policy, and provide a brief education on various immunization topics; immunization trainings held around the state conducted by teams of state program staff and physician educators on general immunization topics and the immunization registry; a Provider Tool Kit on how to increase immunization rates in their practice; training of nursing staff in local health departments who then conduct immunization presentations in individual private provider clinics; and presentations on immunization topics by physician peer educators at physician grand rounds and state conferences.
Minimalist theory of evaluation: The least theory that practice requires. American Journal of Evaluation ; Utilization-focused evaluation: The new century text. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, Study of participatory research in health promotion: Review and recommendations for the development of participatory research in health promotion in Canada.
Ottawa, Canada : Royal Society of Canada , Health promotion evaluation: Recommendations to policy-makers: Report of the WHO European working group on health promotion evaluation. Public health in America. Fall January 1, Ten organizational practices of public health: A historical perspective. American Journal of Preventive Medicine ;11 6 Suppl The program evaluation standards: How to assess evaluations of educational programs.
The PRC program is a national network of 24 academic research centers committed to prevention research and the ability to translate that research into programs and policies.
The centers work with state health departments and members of their communities to develop and evaluate state and local interventions that address the leading causes of death and disability in the nation. Additional information on the PRCs is available at www. While inspired by real CDC and community programs, they are not intended to reflect the current.
Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages. On This Page. What Is Program Evaluation? If a partnership is being evaluated, the contributions of that partnership to program outcomes may also be part of the evaluation.
The CBPR model presented in Chapter 1 is an example of a model that could be used in evaluating both the process and outcomes of partnership. Once the positive outcome of a program is confirmed, subsequent program evaluation may examine the long-term impact the program hopes to have. For example, the outcome of a program designed to increase the skills and retention of health care workers in a medically underserved area would not be represented by the number of providers who participated in the training program, but it could be represented by the proportion of health care workers who stay for one year.
Reduction in maternal mortality might constitute the long-term impact that such a program would hope to effect Mullan, To ensure that the dissemination and reporting of results to all appropriate audiences is accomplished in a comprehensive and systematic manner, one needs to develop a dissemination plan during the planning stage of the evaluation.
This plan should include guidelines on who will present results, which audiences will receive the results, and who will be included as a coauthor on manuscripts and presentations. Dissemination of the results of the evaluation requires adequate resources, such as people, time, and money. Finding time to write papers and make presentations may be difficult for community members who have other commitments Parker et al.
In addition, academics may not be rewarded for nonscientific presentations and may thus be hesitant to spend time on such activities. Additional resources may be needed for the translation of materials to ensure that they are culturally appropriate.
Although the content and format of reporting may vary depending on the audience, the emphasis should be on full disclosure and a balanced assessment so that results can be used to strengthen the program.
Dissemination of results may also be used for building capacity among stakeholders. Principles of Community Engagement - Second Edition. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Planning The relevant questions during evaluation planning and implementation involve determining the feasibility of the evaluation, identifying stakeholders, and specifying short- and long-term goals.
Top of Page Completion — Summative, Outcome, and Impact Evaluation Following completion of the program, evaluation may examine its immediate outcomes or long-term impact or summarize its overall performance, including, for example, its efficiency and sustainability.
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